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Trial Sessions
Every trial day has the agenda, transcript, evidence and exhibit notes, court rulings, and open questions.
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- 2. Machine-cleanedThe public SHT transcript has machine cleanup, but is not human-reviewed or official.
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Impeachment Trial - Day 31
Transcript status: ASR raw
Impeachment Trial - Day 30
Session recap: Impeachment Trial - Day 30 (2026-09-28, 2026-09-28-impeachment-trial-day-30). Covers source-supported material as of 2026-09-29T11:11+08:00, not a complete account.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 29
Session recap: Impeachment Trial - Day 29 (2026-09-23, 2026-09-23-impeachment-trial-day-29). Covers source-supported material as of 2026-09-29T11:10+08:00, not a complete account.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 27
Session recap: Impeachment Trial - Day 27 (2026-09-21, 2026-09-21-impeachment-trial-day-27). Covers source-supported material as of 2026-09-29T11:10+08:00, not a complete account.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 26
On Day 26 the impeachment court, sitting with 17 senator-judges, heard invited amici curiae — retired justices — on constitutional questions including the vote threshold for conviction and judicial review of the court's rulings. The presiding officer granted the prosecution's subpoena requests for witnesses appearing September 21–23, issued show-cause orders to certain House Prosecution Panel members under Rule 18 on sub judice, and ruled that the parties may argue beyond the three issues previously identified by the court. A written memorandum from retired Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr., submitted after a medical procedure, was distributed to the senator-judges and posted on the court's website.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 25
The impeachment court limited pre-2022 SALN records to baseline use, and an Ombudsman records custodian read declared net-worth figures covering 2007 to 2025 into the record.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 24
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 23
Session recap: Impeachment Trial - Day 23 (2026-09-08, 2026-09-08-impeachment-trial-day-23). Covers source-supported material as of 2026-09-29T11:10+08:00, not a complete account.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 22
The presiding officer ordered the recall of the subpoena for Mr. Edward Fajarda after the prosecution, citing his recovery from a stroke as confirmed by the Senate's medical office, withdrew its request for his testimony and moved to dispense with it subject to stipulations. The prosecution advanced its Article 2 unexplained-wealth presentation through the testimony of PSA Assistant National Statistician Marissa B. Grande on the PSA's name-by-name verification of the 2,669 alleged payees of OVP and DepEd confidential funds, and moved to continue the testimony of remaining witnesses — Police Major Magay, Atty. Sunshine Fajarda, and Mr. Bresildo Zabaldan of COA — to September 8. The defense agreed to stipulate on most of the prosecution's proposed items but declined items 7, 11, and 12, and
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 21
The Senate President announced a tentative trial calendar of full-day sessions on October 1-2, 5-9, and 12-15, suspension for Senate budget hearings, resumption on November 9 and 16, and normal programming from November 23, after senator judges debated whether the schedule would force a choice between completing the trial and a reenacted budget. The House Prosecution panel stated it plans to finish presenting its evidence on confidential funds by Wednesday, September 9. The Presiding Officer qualified Atty. Michael Wesley Poa as a hostile witness at the prosecution's request, and he was among the witnesses who testified on DepEd roles, procurement, and confidential-fund records.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 20
The Presiding Officer ruled that a widely circulated image purporting to show a witness wearing an earpiece was AI-generated and false, and directed that all witnesses testify solely from their own knowledge, free from coaching or influence. The court also sustained a defense objection holding a military witness incompetent to answer whether the Department of Education spent confidential funds. The prosecution's presentation on Article I continued with testimony from Army civil-military operations officers concerning Youth Leadership Summit certifications, and the parties stipulated to a set of common exhibits.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 19
The Presiding Officer ruled that Rule 18 of the Rules on Impeachment bars the presiding officer, senators, prosecutors, the impeached official, their counsel, and witnesses from publicly commenting on the merits of the trial, and the court granted the prosecution supplemental bank subpoenas covering the respondent Vice President, her spouse, and 20 linked entities, with records due September 2, 2026. Testimony continued on the OVP confidential funds, where a witness confirmed COA notices of disallowance for 2022 and 2023 confidential funds and testified he had no personal knowledge of how the funds were disbursed. The court also postponed Colonel Boransing's appearance to September 1, and the prosecution formally dropped Major General Bajao as a witness.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 18
On Day 18 the impeachment court heard an Office of the Vice President aide, Assistant Secretary Lemuel G. Ortonio, whom the prosecution offered as a hostile witness, and the Presiding Officer issued a series of procedural rulings, striking the prosecution's 'scam,' 'nagsisinungaling,' and 'mastermind/architect' characterizations from the record and directing the Clerk of Court to subpoena Eduardo Fajarda for September 7 after a Senate medical report recommended his bed rest. Witnesses testified on the requesting, signing, and liquidation of the confidential funds and on the contents of the OVP's submitted plans, while the prosecution cited Joint Circular provisions on required documentation. The record now stands on continuing examination, pending rulings, and stipulations over the scope o
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 17
The impeachment court declared former Office of the Vice President special disbursing officer Gina Acosta a hostile witness, permitting the prosecution to impeach her earlier answers, as she testified on the handling of ₱125 million in confidential funds. The presiding officer excused prosecution witness Edward Fajarda, reported confined in the ICU after a stroke, and directed the Senate Medical and Dental Bureau to validate his condition and report on his ability to testify. The prosecution requested subpoenas for three AFP officials and adjusted the schedule for other witnesses, while the presiding officer reserved a ruling on a defense objection for the following day.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 16
The impeachment court granted OVP staffer Lemuel Ortonio's request to be excused from this week's hearings for a PRC psychologist licensure exam, and the Presiding Officer stated a subpoena will issue for his appearance on Monday. The former special disbursing officer of the Office of the Vice President testified that she personally encashed the ₱125 million confidential-fund cash advance on December 20, 2022 and released it to Colonel Lachica on the Vice President's instruction, while prosecution counsel alleged the OVP withdrew all ₱500 million as cash across four dates and left it unliquidated. The record also gained stipulated OVP–CGGPA correspondence and preliminary background testimony from the disbursing-officer witness.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 15
On Day 15, COA-ICFAO state auditor Xylene Mae del Campo continued testimony on the audit of the OVP and DepEd confidential funds, and the presiding officer ruled that the court will decide the admissibility of the disputed acknowledgement receipts only once they are formally offered, after the clerk compares both parties' certified true copies. The presiding officer also stated that a ruling, warning, and order was being drafted on counsels' public statements under Rule 18. The prosecution moved to reissue subpoenas for four intended witnesses for the August 17, 18, and 19 trial dates.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 14
Presiding Officer Francisco "Chiz" Escudero ruled that a Commission on Audit (COA) witness could testify from her prepared tabulation and summary of acknowledgment receipts as an exception to the original document rule, and ordered those tabulations marked at the appropriate time. The COA witness testified for the prosecution on Article I, stating that several OVP activities charged to confidential funds fell outside the uses permitted under Joint Circular 2015-01 and describing a cash-advance transfer she characterized as a violation of item 6.1.1. The prosecution stated three subpoenaed witnesses remain lined up for the next hearing.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 13
The impeachment court granted the prosecution's motion for judicial notice of the House justice-panel hearings and adjourned Day 11 until 10 a.m. on Monday, August 10, 2026, after ordering subpoenas issued to four prosecution witnesses for the following week. State auditors testified for the prosecution that the OVP and DepEd confidential-fund liquidations were supported by incomplete records, including 849 acknowledgement receipts with no official or sales invoices, while acknowledging the documents showed no personal knowledge that the Vice President personally received or benefited from the funds. Presiding officer Sen. Francis Escudero also granted transfer of exhibit markings on portions of the purported Lascañas affidavit while ruling its unsigned, unsworn contents remain hearsay.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 12
The impeachment court sustained objections barring a COA witness from citing an Audit Observation Memorandum issued after his departure from COA-ICFAO, while COA state auditors testified for the prosecution on alleged non-compliant confidential-fund expenditures at DepEd and the OVP. Presiding Officer Sen. Francis Escudero deferred admissibility rulings on disputed documents to the formal-offer stage and set arguments on the prosecution's motion for judicial notice for the next session day. Numerous exhibits were stipulated and marked, and a subpoena was directed for a further COA-ICFAO witness.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 11
The impeachment court admitted all documents stipulated by both sides and granted BDO and Security Bank until August 13 to complete their subpoenaed submissions, as the prosecution continued Article I testimony (Wamil was its third Article-I witness). The prosecution also presented acknowledgement receipts bearing questionable payee names — including 'Mary Grace Piattos' — supported by no official or sales invoices. Former state auditor Roderick Wamil of the COA Intelligence and Confidential Funds Audit Office testified for the prosecution about the OVP's and DepEd's 2022-2023 confidential-fund liquidations, identifying documentation deficiencies, audit observation memoranda, and a notice of suspension. The parties stipulated to the authenticity of key OVP and DepEd documents and to four ₱125-million checks, while the defense declined to stipulate that one tranche was spent within 11 days.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 10
The presiding officer stated that the trial would follow the Corona impeachment trial precedent, in which the prosecution presents evidence on all articles before the defense presents its evidence, and directed the Clerk of Court to issue subpoenas to three prospective witnesses set for the August 3-5 schedules. The House prosecution presented Land Bank of the Philippines testimony on the encashment of four ₱125-million confidential-fund checks under Article I, with three checks entered as common exhibits by stipulation. Senator Panfilo Lacson manifested that neither party had yet presented a competent witness on the handling of confidential funds, and an AMLA confidentiality invocation was deferred to another article.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 9
On Day 9 of the impeachment trial, an NBI witness testified about the bureau's investigation into alleged threats connected to the Vice President, including subpoenas issued to her and others and the bureau's treatment of a public statement about an assassin as an extrajudicial admission. The prosecution concluded its presentation of evidence on the Article IV grave-threats charge, with the NBI Director as its final witness for that article. The presiding officer admitted the Lascañas affidavit only as open-source material, denied a defense motion to strike, and directed subpoenas for two former Land Bank managers; the trial resumes on July 29, 2026.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 8
On Day 8, National Bureau of Investigation Director Matibag testified about a Special Task Force examining alleged threats to President Marcos, detailing the NBI Cybercrime Division's grave-threat and inciting-to-sedition charges against Vice President Sara Duterte, now pending at the Department of Justice. The presiding officer allowed the task-force testimony over a defense objection that it exceeded the articles of impeachment while granting the defense continuing objections, sustained an objection to a question deemed to call for a legal conclusion, and ordered the prosecution to furnish the defense copies of Administrative Order No. 11 and the Lascañas affidavit. Cross-examination of the witness by respondent's counsel is scheduled to continue the following day.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 7
On Day 7 of the impeachment trial, prosecution and defense counsel argued whether the Supreme Court's incumbency test in Duterte v. House of Representatives binds the impeachment court and whether it is part of the ruling's ratio decidendi or obiter dictum. Counsel also disputed whether Article II's unexplained-wealth allegation is sufficiently specific and whether Section 8-A of the Anti-Money Laundering Act bars a subpoena for financial records. The court then granted the prosecution's subpoenas for the Vice President's bank, AMLC, and BIR records — excluding foreign-currency deposits and two entities without a shown prima facie link — with documents due to the Clerk of Court by July 30.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 6 (oral arguments)
In Day 6 oral arguments, the prosecution summarized its Article IV grave-threats evidence and cited an AMLC report on the Article II unexplained-wealth allegation while formally requesting subpoenas for bank, AMLA, and BIR records. The defense contested the scope of a controlling Supreme Court ruling and argued the Articles identify no specific account. The record reflects competing legal characterizations and a pending subpoena request, with no ruling described this session.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 5
On Day 5 of the Senate impeachment trial, a prosecution witness recounted a video in which the Vice President stated she had instructed someone to kill the President, the First Lady, and former Speaker Martin Romualdez if she herself were killed, and testified that the President took the remarks as serious and real. Defense counsel argued that grave threats and inciting to sedition are not impeachable offenses. The Presiding Officer stated the impeachment court would decide as a body the following day on twin motions to subpoena the BIR and the AMLA.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 4
On Day 4, an NBI investigator testified about the bureau's grave-threats investigation into the Vice President's November 2024 statements, while defense counsel challenged the investigation's documents on dates, signatures, and a DOJ finding of insufficiency. The presiding officer scheduled oral arguments for Wednesday on requested subpoenas for bank, AMLC, and BIR records. Senator-judges also pressed both sides on the wording of the alleged threat and on whether the Vice President's Answer specifically denied the contracting allegation.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 3
Defense counsel concluded cross-examination of NBI Senior Agent John Mark Calilung by testing the investigation's foundation — the alleged offended parties never appeared or complained, the witness had no personal knowledge of the threat or alleged hitman, and the DOJ had first returned the NBI affidavit as deficient. The court subpoenaed OVP chief of staff Zuleika Lopez, set July 15 oral arguments on the BIR-box and bank-record subpoenas, and adjourned to July 13.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 2
The prosecution began its Article IV presentation, played the November 2024 video in court, and presented NBI Senior Agent John Mark Calilung on video preservation and authentication while the defense objected repeatedly.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned
Impeachment Trial - Day 1
Trial proper opened. Senator-judges elected Sen. Francis "Chiz" Escudero as presiding officer, heard both sides' opening frames, and began the first subpoena and evidence-handling fights.
Transcript status: Machine-cleaned